Everything about Side-chain Theory totally explained
Side-chain theory (
German,
Seitenkettentheorie) is a
theory proposed by
Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) to explain the
immune response in living
cells. Ehrlich theorized from very early in his career that
chemical structure could be used to explain why the immune response occurred in reaction to
infection. He believed that
toxins and
antitoxins were
chemical substances at a time when very little was known about their nature.
Ehrlich supposed that living cells have
side-chains in the same way
dyes have side-chains which are related to their coloring properties. These side chains can link with a particular toxin, just as
Emil Fisher said
enzymes must bind to their
receptors "like a key in a lock."
Ehrlich theorized that a cell under threat grew additional side-chains to bind the toxin, and that these additional side chains broke off to become the
antibodies that are circulated through the body. It was these antibodies that Ehrlich first described as "
magic bullets" in search of toxins.
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